Using Texture Vector Analysis to Measure Computer and Device File Similarity

Abstract

Executable programs run on computers and digital devices. These programs are pre-installed by the device vendor or are downloaded or copied from a storage media. It is useful to study file similarity between executable files to verify valid updates, identify potential copyright infringement, identify malware, and detect other abuse of purchased software. An alternative to relying on simplistic methods of file comparison, such as comparing their hash codes to see if they are identical, is to identify the “texture” of files and then assess its similarity between files. To test this idea, we experimented with a sample of 23 Windows executable file families and 1,386 files. We identified points of similarity between files by comparing sections of data in their standard deviations, means, modes, mode counts, and entropies. When vectors were sufficiently similar, we calculated the offsets (shifts) between the sections to get them to align. Using analysis on these shifts, we can measure file similarity efficiently. By plotting similarity vs. time, we can track the progression of similarity between files.